Chapter 4- Diving Physiology Diving Physiology 145 CONCLUSION There is much more to diving physiology and health than presented here. This overview will start you off with a good base of the physiology underlying diving health. It will better prepare you to understand health issues and the claims made about diving health, give you information to improve your personal health, and help you prevent and remedy injury to yourself and others. Happy diving. Definitions of Terms Al ternobaric Vertigo- Vertigo from pressure building in your ear during ascent (reverse block). Al veoli (singular alveolus)- Tiny, thin-walled air sacs in your lungs where you exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between your lungs and the rest of your body. Ar terial Gas Embolism (AGE)- Also called air embolism. Blockade of your arterial bloodstream at any point, by gas bubbles (emboli). Ar terioles- Small terminal branches of your arteries that connect to your capillaries. Ar teriosclerosis- Chronic disease of thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of your arterial walls. Impairs blood circulation, decreases exercise tolerance, and increases your chance of serious health problems. Usually can be prevented through good nutrition and exercise. At hlete’s Foot- Infection of your feet by fungus, particularly between your toes. Commonly started and worsened when fungus can grow in the moisture left when you don’t dry your feet well after swimming or diving. Barotrauma- General term for injuries due to pressure. Br adycardia- Heart rate in adults below 60 beats per minute. Br onchi- Plural of bronchus. Either of two main branches of your trachea that lead to your lungs. Br onchioles- Thin-walled, tubular divisions of your bronchi. Ca pillaries- Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that bring supplies to your cells from your arteries and remove wastes from your cells to your veins. Ca rbon Monoxide (CO)- Colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas that is directly toxic to your cells, and also stops your blood from carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Ca rboxyhemoglobin- Short for carbon monoxide hemoglobin. Fairly stable compound formed when carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in your blood. Ca rotid Arteries- Two major arteries, one on each side of your neck, carrying blood to your head. Ca rotid Sinus- Small bulby area in your carotid arteries, located about where the arteries fork, containing many little blood pressure receptors (baroreceptors). The carotid sinus helps control your blood pressure by lowering your heart rate when activated. Ce ntral Nervous System (CNS) Oxygen Toxicity- Also called the Paul Bert effect. Poisonous effect of oxygen that targets your central nervous system. Due to acute exposure to high levels of oxygen - levels above seven times normal, subject to conditions and personal variability. Ch okes- Rarely occurring pulmonary decompression sickness, more common in altitude decompression sickness, in which bubbles block circulation to your lungs, producing coughing, pain, and choking. Cr amp- Extreme muscle contraction that does not release on its own, producing pain and temporary disability. Cy anosis- Blue skin and mucous membranes from lack of oxygen. Cyan is a bluish color, and -osis means “condition.” Cyanosis is the condition of being blue. De compression Sickness (DCS)- Disorder where gas bubbles form in your blood and other areas following a rapid drop in pressure. Bubbles create mechanical and chemical problems in various body parts and systems, producing motor, sensory, and other problems. Dehydration.
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