What Can Happen When Leaders Work Together? continued from page 10 ▶ 58 From 1520 on, Zwingli and Luther were reading each other’s works. As a result, years into Zwingli’s Reformation he became interested in theological reformation because of Luther’s views. Zwingli, however, had an extreme view of double predestination. So Calvin wrote him a letter cautioning him that his view was extreme. Zwingli’s protégé was Henrich Bullinger. After Bullinger succeeded Zwingli, he created a Swiss Reformed tradition that became at least as far reaching as Calvin’s. In 1549 Calvin took a trip to meet Bullinger to bring unity between German and Swiss believers on the matter of the Eucharist. Meanwhile, over in England, Bloody Mary was persecuting the Puritans. Many fled to Zurich and Geneva where they studied under Martyr and Calvin, respectively. As you might expect, they became Calvinized, so returned to England with a Presbyterian orientation. It was King Henry VIII who opened the door for Protestantism in England after being excommunicated for his attraction to Ann Bolin. Henry set himself up at the head of the new Church of England. There were at the time some 800 monasteries in England, and he suppressed them all. Henry never actually gave up his personal affirmation of Catholicism, but he did bring on men who were Protestants. And Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour— who died while delivering Henry a son, Edward—was Protestant. Edward assumed the throne in 1547 at the fair age of nine or ten. His education was put entirely into the hands of the Seymour family who raised him as a Protestant. Edward was a born again Christian. With Thomas Cranmer’s help, Edward publicly promoted Protestantism. Eventually, Melanchthon and Martin Bucer attended the Colloquy of Regensburg in 1541 at which Contarini for the Catholics and Melanchthon for the Reformers thought they had reached an agreement on double predestination. Calvin accepted the outcome, but Luther and the Pope rejected it. Melanchthon was a friend of John Calvin and, over time, he abandoned Luther’s view of the Eucharist for the real presence view of Calvin. Later, Melanchthon’s view of predestination started to shift, so Peter Martyr wrote him and asked what was happening to him. Calvin wrote and challenged Melanchthon too. As a young man, John Calvin wanted to go to Strasberg but ended up in Geneva. There he tried to build a reformed city, but was banished from Geneva. So he did finally get to Strasberg—as an exile! There he worked with Martin Bucer. Bucer took Calvin under his wing and, among other things, found him a wife. It was from Bucer that Calvin learned how a reformed city and church should work. Once a Dominican monk, Bucer went on to become the famous Reformer of Strasberg. Martin Bucer heard Luther speak and wrote to him. Later in his career, Edward VI, Henry VIII’s son appointed Bucer the Regis Professor of Theology in Cambridge. Meanwhile, Theodore Beza had become Calvin’s right hand man after Calvin’s return to Geneva. Beza began to systematize Calvin’s work and ran The Genevan Academy to train pastors. Jacob Arminius (the father of Arminian theology) studied under Beza at The Genevan Academy. Huldrych Zwingli started the reform movement in Zurich. Zwingli’s hero was Erasmus whom he met in 1515. However, Zwingli, like Luther, split with Erasmus over justification by faith alone in 1520.
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