AAPPENDIX 8CHAPTER 9CHAPTER Diving Environment 174 Learning Goals ....................................................176 Ph ysical Characteristics of a Site .......................176 Types of Sites ..................................................176 Entries and Exits ............................................177 Bottom Conditions .........................................178 Wa ter Conditions.................................................180 Visibility ..........................................................180 Temperature ..................................................181 Mo ving Water and Its Effects ..............................182 Waves and Surf ..............................................182 Tides ...............................................................183 Currents ..........................................................183 Ma rine Life ..........................................................185 Animals That Bite ..........................................185 Animals with Barbs ........................................186 Animals That Sting and Scrape ....................187 Animals That Shock ......................................187 Co nservation .......................................................187 Diver Impacts ..................................................188 Hunting ...............................................................189 Collecting ............................................................190 Exploring Wrecks ................................................190 Cleaning Up the Environment ...........................190 Boat Diving .........................................................191 Po pular Diving Areas ..........................................192 California ........................................................192 Cozumel ..........................................................193 Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas ................193 Great Lakes .....................................................193 Turks & Caicos ...............................................193 Truk, Federated States of Micronesia .............193 Galapagos Islands ..........................................194 Diving Activities 196 Learning Goals ....................................................198 Getting Involved in Clubs ...................................198 Fu rthering Your Education ................................198 Specialty Courses.................................................198 The Advanced Scuba Diver Course .....................198 The Master Scuba Diver Course .........................199 Training Assistant Specialty Course ...................199 Leadership Courses .............................................199 Developing Special Interests ...............................200 Being a Responsible Diver ..................................201 Answers To Review Questions 202 Ch apter 1 .............................................................202 Health and Fitness ..........................................202 Ch apter 2 .............................................................202 Basic Equipment ............................................202 Cylinders .........................................................202 Regulators, Alternate Air Sources, and Instrumentation ..................................202 Instrumentation .............................................202 Buoyancy Compensators ................................202 Weight Belts ....................................................202 Diving Suits ....................................................202 Accessory Equipment ......................................202 Ch apter 3 .............................................................203 Using Mask, Snorkel, and Fins ......................203 Assembling Scuba Gear ..................................203 Entries and Exits ............................................203 Mask Skills ......................................................203 Regulator Skills ..............................................203 Buoyancy ........................................................203 Safety Skills.....................................................203 Buddy System .................................................204 Communication .............................................204 Handling Scuba Equipment in the Water .....204 Navigation ......................................................204 Ch apter 4 .............................................................204 Density and Its Effects ....................................204 Buoyancy ........................................................204 Pressure ..........................................................204 Air Quantity in Balloon ..................................204 Air Consumption ............................................204 Squeezes and Blocks.......................................205 Lungs and Breathing .....................................205 Indirect Effects of Pressure .............................205 Thermal Effects of Diving ..............................205 Ch apter 5 .............................................................205 Ingassing and Outgassing .............................205 Dive Table Rules .............................................205 IX Table of Contents Table of Contents
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