binge-eating by vomiting or taking
laxatives to purge, over-exercising,
or fasting. They’re often
able to maintain a normal
weight because they compensate
for the extra calories. But
bulimia nervosa can cause other
health issues, like heart irregularities
or problems with the digestive
system.
People with anorexia nervosa
are on the other extreme.
They eat very little. They may
see themselves as overweight,
even when they are dangerously
underweight. It’s the least
common of the three eating
disorders, but is often the most
deadly.
An eating disorder can develop
for anyone, at any body
weight or shape, and at any
time. But they often start in the
teen or young adult years.
“When young people show
signs of an eating disorder,
there is this tendency to think
that they might outgrow it
or that it’s just a phase,” Bulik
says. “But the most likely
path is in the direction of
developing a full-blown eating
disorder.”
What causes eating disorders
isn’t known. Genes and
family history, mental and
emotional health, and environment
and culture can all
influence whether someone
develops one of these complex
conditions. Some NIH-funded
researchers are studying possible
genetic causes for eating
disorders. Others are looking
for changes in the brain. They
hope their studies will help
guide how eating disorders are
diagnosed and treated.
Many people with eating
disorders may not think they
need treatment. So family
members and friends can be
very helpful. Express concern.
Say you’re there to listen.
“If you’re concerned that
you or a family member might
have an eating disorder, the key
is really to see a health professional
with expertise in eating
disorders for an evaluation,”
Bulik says.
Treatment plans are tailored
to individual needs. They may
include talk therapy, nutritional
counseling, and medications.
With treatment, you can return
to healthier eating habits and
prevent serious complications.
Healthy Living | Fall Issue | 2017 41