2CHAPTER 1CHAPTER VI NAUI Master Scuba Diver Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .......................................................IV About the NAUI Master Scuba Diver Course .........iv Responsibilities.........................................................v Getting the Most of This Course ..............................v Diving Equipment 2 Learning Goals .........................................................4 Types of Scuba Equipment......................................4 Scuba Cylinders.....................................................4 U.S./Canadian Cylinder Markings .......................4 Metric/European Cylinders ..................................6 Care of Scuba Cylinders ........................................7 Keeping the Water Out .........................................7 Cylinder Care Rules ..............................................8 Cylinder Valve Assemblies and Manifolds ...........8 All about J-Valves .................................................9 S pecial Valves, Manifolds, and Cylinder Configurations ...................................10 Scuba Regulators ...................................................10 Types of Regulators ............................................10 First Stage Valves ................................................11 Second Stage Valves ...........................................12 Regulator Attachments .......................................14 Regulator Care and Maintenance ......................14 Regulator Concerns ............................................15 Diving Instruments ................................................15 Analog Versus Digital .........................................16 Cylinder Pressure Gauges ..................................16 Depth Gauges ......................................................17 Underwater Timers .............................................19 Electronic Dive Computers.................................21 Diving Compasses ...............................................23 Buoyancy Systems ...............................................23 Dry Suits .................................................................25 Air Compressors .....................................................28 Summary ................................................................30 For Further Reading ..............................................30 The Diving Environment 32 Learning Goals .......................................................34 Physical Aspects - Water Movement ....................34 Waves ......................................................................34 Waves in Shallow Water .....................................36 Surf .........................................................................37 Types of Surf .......................................................38 Effects of Surf on Beaches ..................................39 Surf Passages ......................................................39 Tides ........................................................................40 Classification of Tides .........................................41 Seiches .................................................................42 Currents ..................................................................42 Longshore Current ..............................................42 Rip Currents ........................................................43 The Anatomy of a Rip Current ..........................43 Wind Currents .....................................................44 How to Deal with Currents ....................................44 Shore Dives ..........................................................44 Boat Diving .........................................................45 River Currents .....................................................45 Thermal Changes ...................................................45 Upwelling ............................................................45 Thermal Stratification ........................................45 Weather Considerations .........................................47 Bottom Conditions .................................................47 Principal Diving Environments ............................47 Specialized Diving Activities .................................48 Man-Made Structures ........................................48 Biological Aspects ..................................................49 Identification .......................................................49 Ecological Overview............................................49 Oceanic Life Zones .............................................49 Marine and Fresh Water Plants .........................49 Invertebrates ...........................................................50 Vertebrates ..............................................................50 Fishes ...................................................................50 Birds and Mammals ...........................................50 The Food Chain ..................................................51 Hazardous Marine Animals ...............................51 Oral Toxins ..........................................................52 Parenteral Toxins ...............................................54
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