very effective for soil pest control. All DMDS formulations and applications
application and odor abatement.
Research conducted in Florida and areas of the southeast appear to
support the general conclusion that reasonably consistent soilborne pest
and disease control can be obtained with in-row or prebed applications of
Telone C35 (35 gal/A) or Telone II, applied at 12 gallons per treated acre
followed by chloropicrin applied in the bed at 150 pounds per treated acre.
In combination with Telone II, Telone C35 or chloropicrin, use of a high
will generally improve fumigant performance and reduce soil gas emissions.
-
ent fumigant gases have been measured and meet EPA approved emission
reductions to qualify for buffer zone reducing credits. With use of the more
impermeable plastic TIF or VIF mulches, fumigant rates can be reduced 25
to 40% from maximum labeled application rates. Due to use restrictions for
all Telone products in Dade County, either metam sodium or metam potassium
at 75 and 60 gallons per acre, respectively, in combination with shank
injections of chloropicrin (150 pounds per treated acre) and appropriate her-
metam sodium or potassium can also be utilized as an effective coapplied
fumigant approach for soilborne pest and disease control. However, recent
studies are demonstrating that even though the addition of chloropicrin may
microbial populations in soil that digest DMDS, thereby contributing to
longer persistence in soil and potential delays in plant-back into the bed.
Given the general lack of herbicidal activity associated with the
alternative fumigants, weed control is usually assigned the highest pest
management priority for most methyl bromide alternative chemical systems.
Regardless of crop, separate application of one or more herbicides is a
requirement for effective weed control with any of the different fumigants.
In general, weed control with these different fumigants (including Vapam
or KPam) plus herbicides is reportedly as good or better for weed control
than methyl bromide. There are, however, numerous examples of less than
ideal herbicide performance in which various grasses and broadleaf weeds
were not effectively controlled. The problems incurred usually demonstrate
the importance of soil conditions, incorporation method, and proper rate
calibration for good weed control.
HERBICIDE PARTNERS
In addition to Telone II plus chloropicrin, Telone C35, or PicClor 60, additional
applications of appropriate herbicides will be necessary to provide
weed control for any CUE crop (Table 3). For tomato, follow the fumigant
prebed application of Telone C35 or Telone II and chloropicrin with a tank
mix of napropamide (2 pounds) and s-metolachlor (0.95 pounds) per treated
acre applied to the top of the raised bed at plastic laying for weed control.
An additional application of halosulfuron (0.024 pounds) as a post-emergent,
directed spray for nutsedge control may be necessary. For strawberry,
the fumigant application of Telone C35 is supplemented by a herbicide tank
Table 4.3. Recommended fumigant and herbicide treatment regimens for Florida1
rates are expressed per treated acre. Other pre- and post-emergent herbicides may be required for weed control. To achieve maximum weed control, an application
of metam sodium (Vapam - 75 gal/A) or metam potassium (Kpam - 60 gal/A) should be considered as a supplemental herbicide treatment using a mini coulter
applicator or through a drip application using double drip tapes.
Fumigant Product, Rate, Application Sequence and Procedure
Broadcast PreBed In-Row during Bedding Possible Supplemental Herbicide
Deep Shank
Telone II
(12 -15 gal/A)
(12-15” deep)
with tillage and rolling. -
Telone C35 (35 gal/A)
or
Pic-Clor 60 (300-350 lb/A)
or
DMDS4 (79%)+ PIC(21%)
60 gal/A
or
Chloropicrin(150 lb/A)
Applied In-bed under LDPE, High Barrier VIF or
TIF Mulch Film3; applied 3-5 weeks before transplanting
Napropamide (Devrinol)
S-metolachlor5
(Dual Magnum)
Postemergent
Halosulfuron (Sandea)
(Goal)
Vapam HL
KPam HL
Deep Shank Telone II
(12 -15 gal/A)
(12-15” deep
Applied Pre-Bed2
under LDPE, High Barrier VIF or
TIF Mulch Film3; applied 3-5
weeks before transplanting
Telone C35 (35 gal/A)
or
Pic-Clor 60 (300-350 lb/A)
or
4DMDS (79%)+ PIC(21%)
60 gal/A
or
Chloropicrin(150 lb/A)
Applied In-bed under LDPE, High Barrier VIF or
TIF Mulch Film3; applied 3-5 weeks before transplanting
1 Crop recommendations for Pic-Clor 60, Telone II or Telone C35 do not apply to the Homestead, Dade County production region of south Florida or where certain soil types,
absence of impermeable layers, and water tables currently prohibit product use.
2
3
4
and weeds. Provides excellent control of nutsedge but only poor to fair control of annual grasses and requires the use of a separately applied herbicide for adequate control.
5 For some crop uses of S-metolachlor, a 3rd party label obtained through FFVA must be in the hands of the user.
2019 Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida 29