Delay
The delay component aims to slow down an active
incursion, forcing the perpetrator to reconsider the
probability of success and to provide enough time for
security forces to respond.
When applying both the deter and delay elements,
the delineation between the two can become unclear.
Where barriers, such as fences, walls, grilles, bars, buildings
and other structures, are employed to establish the
perimeter boundary to satisfy the deter methodology,
this same functional criterion can be applied in the
delay methodology.
Additional physical protection methods, such
as razor or barbed wire protection, should be considered
to enhance the delay element of the 5D design (Figure 4).
Surveillance cameras can also be deployed inside the
delay perimeter to provide situational awareness
and to measure the effectiveness of the delay
countermeasures employed.
Defend
The defend component of 5D design for perimeter
security is directly related to the quick response of the
security forces protecting the facility. For the defend
methodology to be completely effective, however, strict
adherence to the design elements discussed under
the deter and detect methodologies is required.
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for the highest level of efficacy for the defend methodology
and can enable security forces to carry out the
most efficient operational plans for perimeter defense.
APPLYING THE SECURITY-IN-DEPTH
MODEL AT AIRPORTS
The greatest challenge in designing and implementing
perimeter security measures based on the security-in-
depth strategy lies in the very nature of the assets being
protected and the potential threats facing those assets.
According to standards set forth by the Recommended
Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design, and
Construction, issued by the Transportation Security
Administration (TSA) of the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security (DHS), “Perimeter protection
(e.g., fences, gates, patrols) is considered the first line
of defense in protecting against incursions, thus
providing physical security for personnel, property,
and information at an airport facility.”
The airside area (Figure 5) of an airport usually encompasses
a complex and integrated system of pavements
(i.e., runways, taxiways, aircraft aprons), lighting,
commercial operations, flight instrumentation
and navigational aids, ground and air traffic control,
cargo operations, and other associated activities that
support the operation of an airport where access is
strictly controlled. Typically, the airside or secure side
FIGURE 4: To delay an active incursion, protection methods such as razor
or barbed wire protection should be considered. Placement of surveillance
cameras inside the delay perimeter can provide situational awareness
and a means with which to measure the effectiveness of the delay
countermeasures employed.
Specifically, any lighting and detection
systems deployed in order to satisfy
deter and detect objectives must be
optimized to achieve the highest
possible effectiveness.
Proper illumination and the deployment
of surveillance cameras play a large part to
ensure that responding forces are provided
with the highest level of situational awareness
before and during an event response.
Any detection systems employed must
incorporate designs that minimize invalid
or nuisance alarm alerts that result from
acoustical, environmental, or non-
human interactions.
Proper application of the deter, detect,
and delay elements provides the foundation