be none. In the case of low-head dams there
normally is no indication of the presence of
the dam or the dangers above and below the
dam. You must scout the waterway before
venturing forth on the water to learn the
whereabouts of these dangerous, but necessary,
dams. Current becomes stronger close
to the dam and the water is typically deeper
(see Figure 13-3, page 156).
Anchoring in an emergency may be
difficult. The area below a dam should also
be avoided. The discharge of water creates
turbulence and eddies that could cause
you to lose control of your boat. Your boat
could capsize. Areas of whitewater create
problems similar to those of a dam. It
may be difficult to see whitewater areas
from upstream until it is too late and you
are drawn into the turbulence. Check with
your marina and other boaters in your area
about any hazards you may encounter.
Lakes, Streams,
and Rivers
• Many boaters do not believe they need
charts and navigation skills on a small
lake, stream, or river.
• It is imperative that you understand the
nature of the bottom and the location of
any hazards.
• Shallow waters can be particularly hazardous,
as a fall may cause impact with
rocks or obstacles.
• Locate local charts, if available, and annotate
them with information that you learn
from others and your observations on the
water.
• Carry a compass and chart to help you
locate your position and return to safety
even under adverse visibility; a GPS is
highly recommended.
Larger Bodies of Water
• You risk becoming lost on larger bodies
of water.
• Learn basic navigation (piloting) and how
to use charts.
• Take a Piloting course from the United
States Power Squadrons.
NIGHT ACTIVITY
Operating at night is another situation of
reduced visibility. Know the rules and be
prepared.
Regulations
• Understand and follow any local regulations
regarding boat operation at night.
• High-speed operation is unsafe after dark.
Visibility
• Understand what night-visible markers
may be available and where they are; be
sure you can recognize them after dark.
• Ensure that you have adequate visibility
to see marks and other cues.
• Follow regulations and light your boat
according to the regulations so others can
see you.
WHAT TO DO IN
AN EMERGENCY
The following are things to do:
• Stay with the boat.
• Use PFDs and other flotation.
• Use sound signals, visual distress signals,
radio (if available).
• Secure the boat if you are in a current.
CHECK WEATHER BEFORE
DEPARTURE
Weather is a major concern to all boaters.
Next to running out of fuel, bad weather
spoils more boating days than anything else.
Rain, cold, or heavy seas can turn a beautiful
cruise into an unpleasant experience. Plan
your trip with the knowledge that the weather
at the beginning of the day may not be the
same at the end. Be aware that most boating
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152 Chapter Four